A Wet Hot Icelandic Winter

I traveled to Iceland in late February this year, and I learned three important things:

1) Icelandic words are incredibly difficult to pronounce. --It took me an entire week to master "Eyjafjallajokull" -- (Ay-ya-fyeht-la-yo-kutl)

2) I don't mind the rain (no matter how INCONVENIENT), because it makes scenery vibrant.

3) If I lived in Iceland, I would have a very small carbon footprint.

Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland's famous volcano.
It was too foggy for a good shot.

The famous hot dog stand in downtown Reykjavik where former President Clinton insulted an entire country by eating a hot dog with "only ketchup"

On the surface, Iceland, covered in ice and rock, might seem like a cold and barren island with no hope for renewable energy. But, if you look deeper, you'll see that these are exactly the things that allow Iceland to be so self-sufficient.

Ice => Melting glaciers provide a steady stream of  freshwater and hydropower.
Lava rock => Lava rock is rich in nutrients and leads to fertile soil.
Volcanic activity => Geothermal hotspots are everywhere on the island.

Tomato hothouse outside Reykjavik

Iceland harvests 90% of its heat from geothermal energy and obtains ~75% of its electricity from hydropower. Less than .1% comes from fossil fuels.

If you're on an island where everything is imported and expensive, use geothermal energy to power and heat greenhouses! ------------------>

The only concern in Iceland's renewable energy future is climate change. Short term impacts look positive -- improved weather, growth in hydropower from glacial melt, increased travel via opened waterways, and widened geothermal sites. However, when the glaciers have melted away, freshwater and hydropower will be limited, and newly uncovered oil fields may lead to carbon dependency. Here's hoping for some genuine Icelandic creativity!

> 50 sq km of moss covered lava rock

Jokulsarlon - glacier lagoon

The Blue Lagoon - a geothermal spa

Natural Gas Isn't Perfect. Shocker.

I know it's old news, but I've been ill.

Natural gas may not be as "clean" a fossil fuel as once imagined. We all know that natural gas (methane) is over 20 times as powerful a greenhouse gas than CO2, and now, a report out of Cornell shows that natural gas mining, fracking in particular, may release enough methane to make it more harmful than coal. It's safe to say that T. Boone Pickens probably wasn't too happy.

A comparison of GHG emissions from various fossil fuels over a 20 year period. From NYTimes Tom Zeller's blog post.

To me, this study doesn't render natural gas unworthy. Instead, it serves as an incentive for the industry to improve their practices so that natural gas may facilitate our move toward renewable energy.

Masdar: "Source" of Hope in the Middle of the Desert?

Street Design in Masdar

Masdar, loosely meaning "source" in Arabic, is a city in Abu Dhabi that was formed in hopes of creating "the world's first zero-carbon city". While Masdar will probably never reach that status, the city's designers have some solid plans on how to make the city more sustainable. In order to decrease automotive traffic and increase walkability, the architects have employed traditional Arab design. Narrow streets surrounded by permeable walls limit direct sunlight while also allowing cool winds to circulate. A new twist on the traditional Arabic wind tower also helps distribute ambient air through the streets. The combination of these things is supposedly capable of reducing street temperature to 70F. Windows have angled shades so that buildings can be naturally lit with minimal heat gain. In order to reduce Masdar's energy footprint, they've enlisted an incredible amount of solar panels.

However, in order for Masdar to become energy efficient, residents will have to do the same things as the rest of us: change their behavior. A 50% reduction in energy use means everyone in Masdar needs to up their thermostat to 77F.

All You Need is an Angle

Seven Kansas towns were recently featured in the New York Times. It's interesting how in a farming region where climate change could be most devastating, less than half the population believes it actually exists. The questions is: how do you motivate these communities to become more sustainable when climate change isn't a motivating factor?

People at the Climate and Energy Project believe they've found a way, and it's through their "Take Charge" program. The recipe calls for one part foreign oil dependence fear and one part competition. Throw in a handful of non-profit money (around $150,000), and you get a bunch of motivated citizens. They installed new lightbulbs, implemented geothermal energy, weatherized their homes, and made plans for wind turbines. Two communities ended up reducing their overall energy use by 5% over the course of one year, which is actually quite impressive.

Weatherization, efficiency education, and citizen-led energy planning

The Climate and Energy Project just earned themselves a grant from the Kansas Energy Office to sponsor a competition in 2011 for 16 communities. Hopefully, they get similar results.